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Ä¿ ¼ UNIT 1AUTOMOBILE BASICS 1.1Engine 1.2Body 1.3Chassis 1.3.1Power Train 1.3.2Suspension System 1.3.3Steering System 1.3.4Braking System 1.4Electrical System 1.4.1Charging System 1.4.2Starting System 1.4.3Ignition System NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Layout of an Automobile UNIT 2AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE 2.1Engine Classification and Overall Mechanics 2.2Engine Operating Principles 2.3Engine Block and Cylinder Head 2.3.1Engine Block 2.3.2Cylinder Sleeves 2.3.3Cylinder Head 2.3.4Gasket 2.3.5Oil Pan 2.4Piston Assembly£¬Connecting Rods and Crankshafts 2.4.1Piston Assembly 2.4.2Connecting Rods 2.4.3Crankshafts 2.5Valve System NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Valve Timing UNIT 3AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM 3.1The Basics 3.2Parts of the Lubrication System 3.2.1Oil Pump 3.2.2Main Oil Gallery and Relief Valve 3.2.3Filters 3.3Lubrication Oils 3.4Lubrication Principles NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Purpose of Oil in the Lubricating System Æû³µ×¨ÒµÓ¢Óï(µÚ2°æ) Ŀ¼ UNIT 4THE COOLING SYSTEM 4.1Radiator 4.2Pressure Cap 4.3Heater Hoses 4.4Thermostat 4.5Water Pump 4.6Cooling Fan 4.7Fan Belts 4.8Coolant/Antifreeze NEW WORDS EXERCISES Reading material£º Servicing Your Engine¬ðs Cooling System UNIT 5FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM 5.1Fuel Injection System vs. Carburetors 5.2Gasoline Fuel Injection System 5.2.1The Electric Fuel Pump 5.2.2The Oxygen Sensor 5.2.3The Engine Temperature Sensor 5.2.4The Manifold Pressure Sensor 5.2.5The Throttle Position Sensor 5.2.6The Air Flow Sensor 5.2.7The Inlet Air Temperature Sensor 5.2.8The Crankshaft Position Sensor 5.3Diesel Fuel Injection System 5.3.1Piston/Plunger Pump Systems 5.3.2Spill Method 5.3.3Inª²line Pumps 5.3.4Inª²line Pump Drawbacks 5.3.5Axial Piston Distributor Pumps NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º The Common Rail System UNIT 6THE IGNITION SYSTEM 6.1Components of Ignition System 6.1.1Ignition Key 6.1.2Ignition System Coil 6.1.3Spark Plugs 6.1.4Distributor 6.2The Ignition Timing 6.3Types of Ignition System 6.3.1Breaker Point Ignition System 6.3.2Electronic Ignition System 6.3.3Distributorless Ignition System NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º How to Test an Ignition System UNIT 7CLUTCH 7.1The Driving Member 7.2The Driven Member 7.3Pressing Mechanism 7.3.1Clutch Housing 7.3.2Pressure Plate 7.4Release and Control Mechanism 7.4.1Clutch Pedal Assembly 7.4.2Release Yoke 7.4.3Release Bearing 7.5Clutch Operation NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Torque Converter UNIT 8AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS 8.1Torque Converters 8.2Planetary Gearsets 8.3Clutches and Bands 8.3.1Multipleª²disc Clutch 8.3.2Overrunning Clutch 8.3.3Brake Band 8.4Hydraulic System 8.5Electronic Control NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Continuously Variable Transmissions(CVT) UNIT 9THE DIFFERENTIAL 9.1Standard Differential Construction 9.1.1Differential Carrier 9.1.2Differential Case 9.1.3Pinion Gear 9.1.4Ring Gear 9.1.5Spider Gears 9.2Differential Action 9.2.1Driving Straight Ahead 9.2.2Turning Corners 9.3Limited Slip Differential 9.3.1Clutch Pack Limited Slip Differential 9.3.2Locking and Torsen Differential 9.3.3Viscous Coupling Differential NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Drive Line UNIT 10BRAKING SYSTEM 10.1Basic Features of Braking System 10.2Types of Brakes 10.2.1Drum Brakes 10.2.2Disc Brakes 10.3Hydraulic System NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º How F1 Brakes Work UNIT 11STEERING SYSTEM 11.1Recirculating Ball Steering 11.2Rackª²andª²pinion Steering 11.3Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering 11.3.1Engine Source 11.3.2Control Valve 11.3.2Steering Cylinder 11.4Electric Power Assisted Steering(EPAS) NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º A Short Course on Wheel Alignment UNIT 12FRAME AND SUSPENSION SYSTEM 12.1Front Suspension 12.1.1Conventional Front Suspension 12.1.2Coil Spring Front Suspension 12.1.3Torsion Bar Front Suspension 12.1.4MacPherson Strut Front Suspension 12.1.5Solid Axle Front Suspension 12.2Rear Suspension 12.3Springs 12.4Shock Absorber NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Advanced Suspension Systems UNIT 13VEHICLE BODY 13.1Bodyª²andª²Frame Construction 13.2Unitizedª²Body Construction 13.3Body Parts 13.4Types of Vehicles NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Instrument Cluster UNIT 14ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 14.1Battery 14.2Generator 14.3Starting Motor 14.4Lighting System 14.5Instrument Panel NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material A£º Electrical Troubleshooting Reading material B£º Cruise Control System and Remote Keylessª²Entry System UNIT 15ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM 15.1Antiª²lock Braking System 15.1.1Basic Components of the ABS 15.1.2Operating Principle 15.1.3Antiª²lock Brake Types 15.2The Electronic Brakingª²force Distribution 15.2.1Introduction 15.2.2The EBD Control 15.2.3Basic Components of the EBD 15.3Automatic Transmission 15.3.1Gear System 15.3.2Torque Converter 15.3.3Hydraulic System 15.3.4Electronic System 15.4Supplemental Restraint System 15.5Audio & Navigation System 15.5.1Audio 15.5.2Navigation System 15.6Airª²Conditioning System NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º How it Works£º The Computer inside Your Car UNIT 16HYBRID DRIVE 16.1Overview of Hybrid Drive 16.2Examples of Hybrid Vehicles 16.2.1Design Requirements 16.2.2System Components NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Toyota Prius Hybrid Drive System UNIT 17AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 17.1Computers on Modern Vehicles 17.1.1Computers 17.1.2Central Processing Unit 17.1.3Permanent Computer Memories 17.1.4Temporary Computer Memories 17.1.5Computer Control Operation 17.1.6Openª²and Closedª²Loop Operations 17.1.7Input Sensors 17.1.8Output Devices 17.2Automotive Network 17.2.1Data Bus Network 17.2.2Controller Area Network NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º On board Diagnostics(OBD) UNIT 18FUTURE POWERPLANTS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS 18.1Hybrid Vehicles and Alternative Fuels 18.1.1Structure of Hybrid Drive 18.1.2Classification of Hybrid Drive 18.1.3Eaton Uses Hydraulics for Hybrid 18.1.4Alternative Fuels 18.2Candidate Power plants in the 21st Century 18.2.1Stirling Engines 18.2.2Ceramic Gas Turbines(CGTs) 18.2.3Twoª²Stroke Engines 18.2.4Electric Power plants NEW WORDS PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS EXERCISES Reading material£º Fuelª²Cell Vehicles APPENDIX AEnglish Abbreviations of the Automobile APPENDIX BVocabulary REFERENCES