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Contents
Chapter 1Introduction
1.1Definition of Multiferroics
1.2Overview of Multiferroics and Main Applications
1.2.1Overview
1.2.2Device Applications
1.3Coupling Mechanism in Multiferroics
1.4Overview of Single Phase Multiferroics
1.4.1Research Progress in BiFeO3
1.4.2Research Progress in Hexagonal Manganites
1.4.3Research Progress in Rare Earth Ferrites
1.5Research Progress in Composite Multiferroics
1.6Growth Method for Single Crystals
1.7Roadmap for This Book
1.8Innovation Points
1.9Conclusions of This Chapter

Chapter 2Experimental Methods in Transmission Electron Microscopy

2.1Introduction
2.2Fundamental Principles of Spherical Aberration Corrected
TEM
2.3Basic Theories about Scanning Transmission Electron
Microscopy
2.4Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
2.4.1Fundamentals of EELS
2.4.2Applications of EELS
2.5X\|Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy
2.6Energy Loss Magnetic Circular Dichroism

Chapter 3Disparity of Secondary Electron Emission in YMnO3
3.1Introduction
3.2Background Introduction
3.3Experiments and Calculations
3.3.1Secondary Electron Transmission Microscopy
Experiments
3.3.2Calculations of Surface Potential
3.4Conclusions

Chapter 4Polarization Structures of Domains in Hexagonal
Manganites
4.1Introduction
4.2Abstract
4.3Background Introduction
4.4Experiments
4.4.1Howie\|Whelan Equation for Centrosymmetric
Systems
4.4.2Howie\|Whelan Equation for Non\|centrosymmetric
Systems
4.5Conclusions

Chapter 5Non\|Six Fold Vertices in Six\|Fold Symmetry System
5.1Introduction
5.2Abstract
5.3Background Introduction
5.4Experiments and Discussions
5.5Conclusions

Chapter 6The Effects of Oxygen Vacancies on the Crystal and
Electronic Structures
6.1Introduction
6.2Abstract
6.3Background Introduction
6.4Experimental Results and Discussions
6.5Conclusions

Chapter 7Ferromagnetic Properties Induced by Out\|of\|Plane Oxygen
Vacancies
7.1Introduction
7.2Abstract
7.3Background Introduction
7.4Methods and Results
7.4.1Theoretical Calculations
7.4.2Thin Film Growth and Characterization
7.5Discussions
7.6Conclusions

Chapter 8Conclusions and Outlook
8.1Conclusions
8.2Outlook