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µÚ1½² ´Ó¡°Ö§³Å¡±µ½¡°Ö§»¤¡±¡ª¡ªÎ§ÑÒµÄÁ¦Ñ§ÐÐΪºÍ¹¤³ÌÓ¦¶ÔÀíÄî 1 1.1 ËíµÀ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÄ£ÐÍ 1 1.2 ¶Ô¡°×÷Óúͷ´Á¦¡±Ä£Ð͵ÄÖÊÒÉ 2 1.3 ΧÑÒ¶ÔËíµÀ¿ªÍÚµÄÏìÓ¦ 6 1.4 ¡°Á¬ÐøÌ塱ģÐÍ 18 1.5 ¡°ÊÕÁ²¡ªÔ¼Êø¡±Ä£ÐÍ 22 1.6 ËíµÀÉè¼ÆÊֶεÄ×ÛºÏ 24 µÚ2½² ËíµÀÐÞ½¨ÀíÄî¸üеļ¼Êõ±³¾°¡ª¡ªÎ§ÑÒÖ§»¤¼¼ÊõµÄ½ø²½ 35 2.1 ÏËάÅçÉä»ìÄýÍÁ 36 2.2 ÑÒÍÁê¹Ì¼¼Êõ 45 2.3 ³¬Ç°Ö§»¤¼¼Êõ 62 µÚ3½² ¶ÔÐαäѹÁ¦µÄÈÏʶ¡ª¡ªÎ§ÑÒ¼·Ñ¹ÐͱäÐÎÎÊÌâ̽ÌÖ 73 3.1 ¸÷À಻ͬÐÔÖʵġ°´ó±äÐΡ± 73 3.2 ¸ßµØÓ¦Á¦ÈíÈõΧÑÒµÄÌØÒìÐÔ 77 3.3 ¼·Ñ¹ÐÔΧÑÒ´¦ÖÎÀíÄ¡ªÎ§ÑÒ±äÐεÄÊʶÈÊÍ·Å 86 3.4 ¿ÉÈÃÐÍÖ§»¤ÏµÍ³ 88 3.5 ¼·Ñ¹ÐÔΧÑÒËíµÀ¹¤³ÌÖеÄÑÒÌåê¹Ì¼¼Êõ 93 3.6 ¿ÉÈÃÐÍÖ§»¤°¸Àý 95 3.7 Ô¤Áô±äÐÎÁ¿ÎÊÌâ 96 3.8 ¶þ´Î³ÄÆöµÄÊ©×÷ʱ»ú 101 3.9 ¼·Ñ¹ÐͱäÐδ¦ÖεĻù±¾ÀíÄîºÍÒªµã 104 µÚ4½² ¡°ÒÔÅÅΪÖ÷¡±»¹ÊÇ¡°ÒÔ¶ÂΪÖ÷¡±¡ª¡ªËíµÀ¹¤³ÌµØÏÂË®´¦ÖÎ 107 4.1 µØÏÂË®´¦ÖεÄÖ÷ÒªÊֶΡ¢ÖÎË®ÀíÄîµÄ¼¼Êõ±³¾° 108 4.2 ´Ó¡°ÒÔÅÅΪÖ÷¡±µ½¡°ÒÔ¶ÂΪÖ÷¡± 110 4.3 ¾²Ë®Ñ¹Á¦·Ö²¼¹æÂɺÍÈ«·â±Õ·½°¸ 112 4.4 µØÏÂË®Åŵ¼·½°¸ 117 4.5 Åŵ¼·½°¸³ÄÆöˮѹÁ¦ºÉÔØ 121 4.6 ˮѹÁ¦ºÉÔØÎÊÌâµÄ½âÎö 124 4.7 µØÏÂË®ÅÅ·ÅÁ÷Á¿µÄ¿ØÖÆ 130 4.8 ¡°ÏÞÁ¿ÅÅ·Å¡±ÀíÄîµÄÄÚº­ 134 4.9 ÉøÁ÷¼ÆËãµÄÊýÖµ·½·¨ 137 4.10 ¡°Ë«ÖØÐͳÄÆö¡±µÄË®Á¦ÌØÐÔ 143 4.11 ¹ØÓÚ³õʼˮͷÎÊÌâ 156 4.12 ËíµÀ¹¤³ÌµØÏÂË®´¦ÖεĻù±¾ÀíÄîºÍÒªµã 158 µÚ5½² Óëʱ¾ã½øµÄ¶àÑùÐÔ¡ª¡ªËíµÀ³ÄÆö½á¹¹ÐÎʽµÄÍØÕ¹ 161 5.1 ËíµÀ³ÄÆö½á¹¹µÄÑݱä 161 5.2 ¹Ò°å·ÀË®ºÍ¡°Ë«ÖØÐͳÄÆö¡±(DSL) 164 5.3 ÅçĤ·ÀË®ºÍ¡°¸´ºÏÐͳÄÆö¡±(CSL) 170 5.4 ¡°µ¥Ò»ÐͳÄÆö¡±(SSL) 177 5.5 ³ÄÆö½á¹¹ÐÎʽµÄ¶àÑù»¯ 183 ¸½Â¼ ÊõÓïµÄ¸üР187 ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× 189 Chapter 1 From passively supporting to actively controlling ¡ª¡ªMechanical behavior of the surrounding rock and response concepts in tunnelling 1 1.1 Structural design models for tunnelling 1 1.2 Calling in question on ¡°action and reaction models¡± 2 1.3 Response of the surrounding rock to the excavation 6 1.4 Continuum models 18 1.5 Convergence-confinement models 22 1.6 Comprehensive use of various design methods for tunnelling 24 Chapter 2 The technological background of innovative concepts in tunnelling ¡ª¡ªDevelopment of rock supporting techniques 35 2.1 Fiber reinforced sprayed concrete 36 2.2 Rock anchoring techniques and rock bolts 45 2.3 The advance support system 62 Chapter 3 Facing the genuine pressure ¡ª¡ªDiscussion on problems of tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 73 3.1 Different types of so called ¡°large deformation¡± 73 3.2 Specificity of the weak surrounding rock under the high in-situ pressure 77 3.3 The key way is to release deformations suitably for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions86 3.4 The yielding support system 88 3.5 Rock bolting for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 93 3.6 A project case of the yielding support system 95 3.7 The deformation allowance value for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 96 3.8 The opportune moment for secondary lining construction 101 From passively supporting to actively controlling ¡ª¡ªMechanical behavior of the surrounding rock and response concepts in tunnelling 1 1.1 Structural design models for tunnelling 1 1.2 Calling in question on ¡°action and reaction models¡± 2 1.3 Response of the surrounding rock to the excavation 6 1.4 Continuum models 18 1.5 Convergence-confinement models 22 1.6 Comprehensive use of various design methods for tunnelling 24 The technological background of innovative concepts in tunnelling ¡ª¡ªDevelopment of rock supporting techniques 35 2.1 Fiber reinforced sprayed concrete 36 2.2 Rock anchoring techniques and rock bolts 45 2.3 The advance support system 62 Facing the genuine pressure ¡ª¡ªDiscussion on problems of tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 73 3.1 Different types of so called ¡°large deformation¡± 73 3.2 Specificity of the weak surrounding rock under the high in-situ pressure 77 3.3 The key way is to release deformations suitably for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions86 3.4 The yielding support system 88 3.5 Rock bolting for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 93 3.6 A project case of the yielding support system 95 3.7 The deformation allowance value for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 96 3.8 The opportune moment for secondary lining construction 101 3.9 Key points for tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions 104 Chapter 4 ¡°Draining first¡± or ¡°sealing first¡± ¡ª¡ªTunnel Waterproofing 107 4.1 The technical background of tunnel waterproofing concepts 108 4.2 Compare draining with sealing 110 4.3 Distribution of the static pressure caused by ground water and discussion on the full sealing approach 112 4.4 Ground water draining approach 117 4.5 The water pressure loaded on the lining in case of application of the draining approach 121 4.6 Analytic solution of the load caused by ground water 124 4.7 Control of the flow rate 130 4.8 Concept about the limited flow rate 134 4.9 Numerical methods for seepage calculation 137 4.10 The double shell lining under the load caused by ground water 143 4.11 Determination of the In-situ water head 156 4.12 Basic concepts and key points for tunnel waterproofing 158 Chapter 5 Multiformity of tunnel linings ¡ª¡ªExpansion forms of tunnel lining systems 161 5.1 Development of tunnel lining forms 161 5.2 Sheet membranes and the double shell lining (DSL) 164 5.3 Spray applied membranes and the composite shell lining (CSL) 170 5.4 The single shell lining (SSL) 177 5.5 Various forms of tunnel lining systems 183 Appendix Updating of terms 187 References 189