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INTRODUCTION CHINA¡ªFROM EMPIRE TO NATION CHINA'S INTERNAL CONDITIONS THE MANCHU GOVERNMENT SUMMARY£ºA HUNDRED YEARS OF POLITICAL CHANGE CHAPTER ONE THE OPIUM WAR CHINA'S FOREIGN RELATIONS BEFORE THE OPIUM WAR SINO-BRITISH NEGOTIATIONS BEFORE THE OPIUM WAR LIN TSE-HS¨¹'S SEVERE POLICY OF OPIUM PROHIBITION THE PROGRESS AND RESULTS OF THE WAR THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OPIUM WAR CHAPTER TWO THE TAIPING REBELLION BACKGROUND OF THE TAIPING REBELLION THE HEAVENLY KINGDOM OF GREAT PEACE THE RISE OF TSENG KUO-FAN AND HIS HUNAN ARMY ELEVEN YEARS OF THE TAIPING KINGDOM WHY THE TAIPING FORCES FAILED AND THE HUNAN ARMY SUCCEEDED FOREIGN INVASIONS, 1856-1860 THE RISE TO POWER OF EMPRESS DOWAGER TZ'U-HSI CHAPTER THREE THE PERIOD OF IMITATION OF WESTERN METHODS THE COURTS OF T'UNG-CHIH AND KUANG-HS¨¹ KEY MEN OF THE EMPIRE THE IMITATION OF WESTERN METHODS THE SINO-FRENCH WAR THE NAVY YAMEN AND GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR CHAPTER FOUR THE REFORM MOVEMENT£ºTHE FIRST STEP TWO REFORM LEADERS-SUN YAT-SEN AND K'ANG YU-WEI REFORM BASED ON THE CLASSICS£ºTHEINTERPRETATIONS BY K'ANG YU-WEI THE HUNDRED DAYS' REFORM,1898 AFTERMATH OF THE REFORM MOVEMENT CHAPTER FIVE THE REACTION TO THE REFORM MOVEMENT ANALYSIS OF REACTIONARY FORCESTWO YEARS OF REACTION, 1898-1900 THE BOXER UPRISING THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE REVOLUTIONARY PARTY AND THE EMPEROR PROTECTION SOCIETY Y¨¹AN SHIH-K'AI AND THE PEIYANG MILITARY CLIQUE CHAPTER SIX REVIVAL OF THE REFORM MOVEMENTLIANG CH'I-CH'AO-A STAR OF THE PRESS THE FERMENTATION OF NEW INTELLECTUAL FORCES A SHOW OF REFORM BY THE MANCHU GOVERNMENT THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR AND THE CRY FORCONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT CHAPTER SEVEN THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE REVOLUTIONARY AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENTS THE FOUNDATION OF CHUNG-KUO T'UNG-MENG HUI REVOLUTIONISTS VERSUS CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHISTS A SUGAR-COATED CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY£ºTHECOVERT STRUGGLE BETWEEN MANCHUS AND CHINES ACTIVITIES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PARTY THE CONSTITUTION OF VICISSITUDES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PARTY CHAPTER EIGHT REVOLUTION VERSUS CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENT, 1908 TO