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Chapter 1 Introduction to the Human Body
1.1 Information Box/ / 2
1.2 Medical Terminology of the Body: Directional/2
1.2.1 Medical Terminology of the Body: Anterior (Front) View/ 4
1.2.2 Medical Terminology of the Body: Posterior (Back) View/ / 6
1.3 Grammar Tip: Collocations/ / 7
1.4 Cross-Cultural Awareness/7
1.5 Case Study/ 7
Chapter 2 Medical History Taking
2.1 Information Box/ 10
2.2 Summary of Medical Terminology Versus Everyday Term in Recording MedicalHistory/ 11
2.3 Introducing Yourself: Social Introduction Versus Professional Introduction/ / 12
2.3.1 Greeting in a Social Environment/ / 13
2.3.2 Greeting in a Professional Environment/ 13
2.4 Starting the Patient Interview: Asking Questions Used During a Patient Interview/ 14
2.4.1 Types of Questions Which are Used During a Patient Interview/ / 14
2.4.2 Asking for Patient Details/ 15
2.4.3 Asking a Patient to Repeat Information Review These Phrases/ / 16
2.4.4 Asking a Patient Why They Have Come to Hospital Review These Phrases/ 16
2.4.5 Patient Centered Interview Versus Doctor Centered Interview/ 16
2.4.6 Explaining Medical Terminology to Patients/ 17
2.5 Grammar Tip: Prepositions/ / 17
2.6 Cross-Cultural Awareness/ 18
2.7 Case Study: Doctor and Patient Dialogue / 19
3 Examining the Patient (Physical Examination)
3.1 Information Box/ 24
3.2 Medical Terminology Related to the Nervous System/ / 25
3.3 General Physical Examination/ 27
3.4 Neurological Examination/ 28
3.4.1 Mental Status/ 28
3.4.2 Meningeal Irritation/ / 29
3.4.3 Check neck stiffness, Kernig¡¯s sign, and Brudzinski¡¯s sign/ / 29
3.4.4 Cranial Nerves (CN)/ 29
3.4.5 Motor Examination/ 30
3.4.6 Sensory Examination/ 30
3.4.7 Reflexes/ / 30
3.4.8 Coordination and Gait/ / 31
3.5 Special Signs and Other Tests/ 31
3.5.1 Primitive Reflexes/ 31
3.5.2 Superficial Reflexes/ / 32
3.5.3 Test for Meningeal Irritation/ 32
3.5.4 Miscellaneous Tests/ 33
3.5.5 Grading Systems to Predict the Rate of Mortality in Cerebrovascular Diseases/ 34
3.6 Grammar Tip: Articles/ / 36
3.7 Cross-Cultural Awareness/ 37
3.8 Case Study: Case Presentation and Summary/ 37
Chapter 4 Writing Medical Records
4.1 Information Box/ 43
4.2 Grammar Tip: the Article ¡°the¡±/ 43
4.3 Cross-Cultural Awareness/ 44
4.4 Case Study: Case Presentation/ / 44
Clinical Presentation/ 44
4.4.2 Case Summary and Synthesis/ 45
4.4.3 Neurosurgical Cases/ 45
Chapter 5 Special Medical Documentations
5.1 Information Box/ 56
5.2 Grammar Tip: Singular and Plural/ / 56
5.3 Culture Awareness/ 57
5.4 Consultation Request Note/ / 57
5.5 Informed Consent/ 58
5.6 Operative Notes/Operative Report/ 59
5.6.1 Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Note/ / 60
5.6.2 Neurosurgery Informed Consent Form/ 61
5.6.3 Surgical Risks Assessment Form/ / 63
5.6.4 Surgical Safety Check List/ / 66
5.6.5 Blood Transfusion Request Form/ / 67
5.6.6 Pathology Request Form/ 68
5.7 Prescriptions Form and Doctor¡¯s Order/ / 69
5.8 Progress Notes/ / 70
5.9 Referral Form/ 71
5.10 Discharge Note/Discharge Summary/ / 72
5.11 Medical Report/ 73
5.12 Death Certificate, Morbidity and Mortality Review/ 74
Chapter 6 Writing Case Report
6.1 Information Box/ 76
6.2 Grammar Tip: Subject Verb Agreement/ / 76
6.3 Cross-Cultural Awareness/ 77
Principles of Writing Medical Case Report/ 77
6.5 Preparation of Manuscript Sections for Case Reports/ 79
6.6 Preparing Illustrations and Figures/ 84
6.6.1 Figure / 84
6.6.2 Illustration/ / 84
6.6.3 Legend/ / 84
6.7 Preparing Tables/ / 85
6.8 Preparing Additional Files / / 85
6.8.1 Style and Language/ 86
6.8.2 Language Editing/ 86
6.8.3 Abbreviation/ / 86
6.8.4 Case Overview/ / 86
6.9 Submission Process/ 86
6.10 Writing Better Science Paper/ 87
6.10.1 Title/ 87
6.10.2 Abstract/ / 88
6.10.3 Introduction/ 88
6.10.4 Method and Material/Experimental/ 89
6.10.5 Results and Discussion/ / 89
6.10.6 Graphics and Tables/ 89
6.10.7 Conclusion/ 90
6.10.8 References/ 90
6.10.9 Cover Letter/ / 90
Chapter 7 Presentation at Academic Conference
7.1 Information Box/ / 92
7.2 Grammar Tip: Syntax/ 92
7.3 Cross-Cultural Awareness/ 93
7.4 Presentations: Academic Conference/Seminar/ 93
Typical Mistakes/ / 94
7.4.2 Solution/ / 94
7.5 Project Proposal/ 95
7.5.1 Typical Mistake/ / 95
7.5.2 Solution/ / 96
Chapter 8 Useful Medical Terminology
8.1 Information Box/ 99
8.2 Grammar Tip: Diction/ / 99
8.3 Cross-Cultural Awareness/ / 100
8.4 Locations in the Hospital/ / 101
8.5 Professional Titles/ 103
8.6 Basic Neurosurgical Equipment/ / 106
8.6.1 Operating Room Setup/ 106
8.6.2 Operating Room Equipment/ 109
8.6.3 Basic Neurosurgical Trays/ / 109
8.6.4 Basic Neurological Instrumentation/ /112
8.6.5 Suture Threads/ /118
8.7 Basic Neurosurgical Procedures and Approaches/ / 120
8.7.1 Basic Neurosurgical Procedures/ /120
8.7.2 Basic Neurosurgical Approaches/ /129
8.7.3 Basic Investigations in Neurosurgery/ 130
8.8 Major Abbreviations and Symbols/ / 136
Index/ / 137
Appendix/ 139
Useful References/145