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∈英美散文选读(二)(第三版)

作者：蒋显璟

出版社：对外经济贸易大学出版社出版时间：2022-01-01

开本： 16开 页数： 201

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∈英美散文选读(二)(第三版) 版权信息

ISBN：9787566323620
条形码：9787566323620 ; 978-7-5663-2362-0
装帧：一般胶版纸
册数：暂无
重量：暂无
所属分类：
外语
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英文版

∈英美散文选读(二)(第三版) 内容简介

　　《英美散文选读》两册书中的选篇各有侧重。第1册中的选篇涵盖了教育、美国社会与历史、环保与可持续发展、阅读与写作、人生百态等话题，比较偏重对语言基础的培养和基本阅读、写作技能的训练。每篇课文后“Understanding the writer's techniques”部分就有意识地使学生把注意力从对简单的背单词和句子分析理解转移到作者的谋篇布局和写作手法等更高的技术层面上来。由于这种类型的问题主观性较强，读者见仁见智，难以有统一答案，所以留给任课教师更大的自由去判断，也留给学生自主探索的余地。第二册书中的选篇无论从思想深度还是语言难度和行文技巧方面都提升了不少，但有些篇幅过长，教师可自行选用合适的段落和篇章。

∈英美散文选读(二)(第三版) 目录

Unit One Knowledge and Wisdom
Unit Two Habit
Unit Three The Scientist as Rebel
Unit Four Predictable Crises of Adulthood
Unit Five The Evolution of Good and Bad
Unit Six Faces of the Enemy
Unit Seven Gibbon
Unit Eight Philistines and Philistinism
Unit Nine The American Scholar
Unit Ten A Professional Malaise
Unit Eleven Hebraism and Hellenism
Unit Twelve The Gift of Tongues
Supplementary Reading

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∈英美散文选读(二)(第三版) 节选

　　《英美散文选读（二）（第三版）》：　　1 "Habit a second nature！ Habit is ten times nature," the Duke of Wellington is said to have exclaimed; and the degree to which this is true no one can probably appreciate as well as one who is a veteran soldier himself. The daily drill and the years of discipline end by fashioning a man completely over again, as to most of the possibilities of his conduct.　　2 "There is a story, which is credible enough, though it may not be true, of a practical joker, who, seeing a discharged veteran carrying home his dinner, suddenly called out, 'Attention ！' whereupon the man instantly brought his hands down, and lost his mutton and potatoes in the gutter. The drill had been thorough, and its effects had become embodied in the man's nervous structure."　　3 Riderless cavalry-horses, at many a battle, have been seen to come together and go through their customary evolutions at the sound of the bugle-call. Most trained domestic animals, dogs and oxen, and omnibus-and car-horses, seem to be machines almost pure and simple, undoubtingly, unhesitatingly doing from minute to minute the duties they have been taught, and giving no sign that the possibility of an alternative ever suggests itself to their mind. Men grown old in prison have asked to be readmitted after being once set free. In a railroad accident to a travelling menagerie in the United States some time in 1884, a tiger, whose cage had broken open, is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again, as if too much bewildered by his new responsibilities, so that he was without difficulty secured.　　4 Habit is thus the enormous fly-wheel of society, its most precious conservative agent. It alone is what keeps us all within the bounds of ordinance, and saves the children of fortune from the envious uprisings of the poor. It alone prevents the hardest and most repulsive walks of life from being deserted by those brought up to tread therein. It keeps the fisherman and the deck-hand at sea through the winter; it holds the miner in his darkness, and nails the countryman to his log-cabin and his lonely farm through all the months of snow; it protects us from invasion by the natives of the desert and the frozen zone. It dooms us all to fight out the battle of life upon the lines of our nurture or our early choice, and to make the best of a pursuit that disagrees, because there is no other for which we are fitted, and it is too late to begin again. It keeps different social strata from mixing. Already at the age of twenty-five you see the professional mannerism settling down on the young commercial traveller, on the young doctor, on the young minister, on the young counselor-at-law. You see the little lines of cleavage running through the character, the tricks of thought, the prejudices, the ways of the "shop", in a word, from which the man can by-and-by no more escape than his coat-sleeve can suddenly fall into a new set of folds. On the whole, it is best he should not escape. It is well for the world that in most of us, by the age of thirty, the character has set like plaster, and will never soften again.　　5 If the period between twenty and thirty is the critical one in the formation of intellectual and professional habits, the period below twenty is more important still for the fixing of personal habits, properly so called, such as vocalization and pronunciation, gesture, motion, and address. Hardly ever is a language learned after twenty spoken without a foreign accent; hardly ever can a youth transferred to the society of his betters unlearn the nasality and other vices of speech bred in him by the associations of his growing years. Hardly ever, indeed, no matter how much money there be in his pocket, can he even learn to dress like a gentleman-bom. The merchants offer their wares as eagerly to him as to the veriest "swell" , but he simply cannot buy the right things. An invisible law, as strong as gravitation, keeps him within his orbit, arrayed this year as he was the last; and how his better-bred acquaintances contrive to get the things they wear will be for him a mystery till his dying day.　　6 The great thing, then, in all education, is to make our nervous system our ally instead of our enemy. It is to fund and capitalize our acquisitions, and live at ease upon the interest of the fund. For this we must make automatic and habitual, as early as possible, as many useful actions as we can, and guard against the growing into ways that are likely to be disadvantageous to us, as we should guard against the plague. The more of the details of our daily life we can hand over to the effortless custody of automatism, the more our higher powers of mind will be set free for their own proper work. There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision, and for whom the lighting of every cigar, the drinking of every cup, the time of rising and going to bed every day, and the beginning of every bit of work, are subjects of express volitional deliberation. Full half the time of such a man goes to the deciding, or regretting, of matters which ought to be so ingrained in him as practically not to exist for his consciousness at all. If there be such daily duties not yet ingrained in any one of my readers, let him begin this very hour to set the matter right.　　7 In Professor Bain's chapter on "The Moral Habits" there are some admirable practical remarks laid down. Two great maxims emerge from his treatment. The first is that in the acquisition of a new habit, or the leaving off of an old one, we must take care to launch ourselves with as strong and decided an initiative as possible. Accumulate all the possible circumstances which shall re-enforce the right motives; put yourself assiduously in conditions that encourage the new way; make engagements incompatible with the old; take a public pledge, if the case allows; in short, envelop your resolution with every aid you know. This will give your new beginning such a momentum that the temptation to break down will not occur as soon as it otherwise might; and every day during which a breakdown is postponed adds to the chances of its not occurring at all.　　……

∈英美散文选读(二)(第三版) 作者简介

　　蒋显璟，对外经济贸易大学英语学院教授，1990年毕业于北京大学英语系，获得博士学位，师从名师赵萝蕤教授专攻英国浪漫主义文学，2001-2007年担任对外经济贸易大学英语学院语言文学系主任。　　在职期间主要负责英语专业本科生的“散文分析”课程建设与教材编写工作，担任英语专业研究生的“英国文学”“英语诗歌”和“浪漫主义”等课程的教学工作。主要研究成果有发表在国内核心期刊上关于英国文学和英美文学批评的论文若干篇，包括《神话与科学：弗莱理论中的不协和》《重读——希腊精神与希伯来精神之冲突》《理论热之后是什么？》《阿诺德与批评》等。他的十本译著包括《世俗主义简史》《双重火焰：爱与欲》《未来时速》《简朴生活读本》《金钱关系》《克林顿战争》等。此外，在2004-2006年间，蒋显璟教授在《英语学习》杂志的“经典文选”栏目中还发表了一系列精选的英美经典散文评注与译文。

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