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Contents
Chapter 1 Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 A novel technique: TERS 3
1.2.1 Diffraction limit 3
1.2.2 TERS mechanisms 5
1.2.3 TERS setup 7
1.3 TERS samples and tips 13
1.3.1 Sample preparation 13
1.3.2 Tip preparation 14
1.4 References 16
Chapter 2 High-Vacuum Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Description of the HV-TERS system 26
2.3 Experimental validation of the HV-TERS system 32
2.4 Discussion 34
2.5 References 38
Chapter 3 Recent Advances Regarding TERS and HV-TERS 42
3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 Recent advances 43
3.2.1 Single-molecule detection and sub-molecule resolution 43
3.2.2 Plasmon-driven reactions 50
3.2.3 In-situ local temperature 57
3.2.4 Nonlinear TERS 58
3.2.5 TERS for materials 63
3.2.6 Ultrafast tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy 67
3.2.7 Deep ultraviolet (DUV) TERS 67
3.3 Summary and outlook 69
3.4 References 71
Chapter 4 Tip-Enhanced Fluorescence (Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence) 78
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 The principle of PEF 79
4.3 PEF from various geometrical metallic plasmonic nano structures 81
4.3.1 Interaction of fluorophores with surface plasmons 81
4.3.2 PEF from periodical metallic plasmonic nanostructure 83
4.3.3 PEF from non-periodical metallic plasmonic nanostructure 90
4.4 The wavelength and spacer effect towards the fluorescence enhancement 95
4.5 The tip-enhanced effect towards the fluorescence emissions 97
4.6 PEF from rare-earth doped nanoparticle 102
4.7 Conclusion and outlook 105
4.8 References 105
Chapter 5 In-Situ Measurements of Tip-Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy 115
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 Theoretical analysis 116
5.3 Analysis methods 126
5.4 References 126
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