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Chapter 1 General Experimental Rules 1
1.1 Lab Safety Rules 1
1.1.1 Chemicals 1
1.1.2 Instruments . 2
1.1.3 Accident Protocol 2
1.1.4 Safety Treatment of Chemical Wastes . 3
1.1.5 Working Principles of Green Chemistry 4
1.2 Experimental Rules 4
1.2.1 Experimental Requirements . 4
1.2.2 Experimental Rules for Students 5
1.3 Data Analysis Rules 7
1.3.1 Significant Figures . 7
1.3.2 Precision and Accuracy 11 Chapter 2 Common Instruments and Basic Operation 13
2.1 Analytical Balances 13
2.1.1 Electronic Analytical Balance . 13
2.1.2 Photoelectronic Analytical Balance . 14
2.2 Solution Preparation 17
2.2.1 Solution Measurement . 17
2.2.2 Basic Instruments and Operating Methods . 20
2.2.3 Titration Operating . 24
2.3 Preparation and Purification 26
2.3.1 Preparation and Collection of Gases 26
2.3.2 Recrystallization 27
2.4 Analysis and Testing 29
2.4.1 Spectrophotometer . 29
2.4.2 pH Meter 33
2.4.3 Potentiometer Electronic Balance . 35
2.4.4 Conductivity Meter 36
2.4.5 DC Stabilized Power Supply 39 Chapter 3 Basic Experiments 42
3.1 Thermodynamic Experiment 42
3.1.1 Determination of Isobaric Thermal Effect 42
3.1.2 Determination of Ideal Gas Constant . 47
3.1.3 Determination of Ionization Constant . 51
3.1.4 Determination of Solubility Product Constant 55
3.2 Reaction Kinetic Experiment 60
3.2.1 Reaction Rate and Influencing Factors 60
3.2.2 Determination of Reaction Order 64
3.2.3 Conversion Rate of Sucrose to Fructose 68
3.2.4 Influence of Catalyst on Reaction Rate 73
3.3 Electrochemical Experiment 79
3.3.1 Voltaic Cell and Electrode Potential 79
3.3.2 Surface Treatment of Metal Materials . 86
3.3.3 Manufacture of a Printed Circuit Board . 90
3.3.4 Electrochemical Corrosion 93
3.4 Analytical Test Experiment 97
3.4.1 Determination of Nitrogen Oxides 97
3.4.2 Determination of Water Hardness 100
3.4.3 Purification and Content Determination of Cupric Sulfate Crystals 106
3.4.4 Determination of COD in Water (Permanganate Index) 110 Chapter 4 Comprehensive Experiments 115
4.1 Treatment of Chromium-Containing Wastewater 115
4.2 Preparation and Characterization of Ferrous Sulfate Amine 118
4.3 Determination of the Molecular Weight of Glucose(Freezing point reduction method) 121 Chapter 5 Research Experiments 127
5.1 Preparation and Fluorescence Property of Luminescent Materials 127
5.2 Preparation of Single-crystal Material by the Hydrothermal Method 129
5.3 Assembly and Testing of Lithium Ion Batteries 134 REFERENCES 137 APPENDIX 139