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¡¡¡¡¡¶21ÊÀ¼Í´óѧӢÓïÓ¦ÓÃÐͳ¤ÆªÔĶÁ£¨4£©/¡°Ê®¶þÎ塱ÆÕͨ¸ßµÈ½ÌÓý±¾¿Æ¹ú¼Ò¼¶¹æ»®½Ì²Ä¡·£º¡¡¡¡H£©To accommodate them and future land needs£¬ Mr Socarras wants to allow the city's area eventually to triple to 80 square km £¨31 square miles£©.His plan's map is covered by a grid of big lines ¡ª future arterial roads£¬ the guide rails of the city's growth.They are meant to accommodate not only cars but important infrastructure of all kinds£¬ from water pipes to bus routes.To ensure that these services can be easily reached from any point in the expansion area£¬ the roads are spaced about 2km from each other.¡¡¡¡I£©In Ethiopia the impetus £¨Íƶ¯Á¦£© for city planning comes from the federal government.Mekuria Haile£¬ the urbanization minister£¬ attended one of the initiative's workshops in Addis Ababa last year.He faces a difficult task£º The number of Ethiopians living in cities will triple by 2040£¬ according to the UN.Awasa in central Ethiopia is expected to grow from about 200£¬000 inhabitants today to more than 1.2m by 2040.It is one of four cities that have already drawn up long¡ªterm plans.The government now wants all of the country's cities to follow the NYU model.Ethiopia is able to move quickly because it has built a capacity to do urban planning in recent years£¬ says David DeGroot£¬ who helps the initiative on the ground £¨ÔÚÏÖ³¡£©.Local governments have been strengthened and a new university has trained hundreds of urban planners.¡¡¡¡J£©Ethiopia also benefits from having straightforward land laws.The government owns the land£» it is only leased £¨³ö×⣩ to those who use it.If a city wants to expand into a rural area£¬ farmers must be compensated for lost income.So far£¬ this has gone smoothly£º Rules are clear and payments generous.In Colombia the situation is more complicated£¬ Cities have to make up their own rules for how land rights are secured and owners compensated.One possibility under discussion in Valledupar is to give owners tax breaks £¨¸³Ë°¼õÃ⣩ when they sell their land£¬ which would be worth more once it is developed.¡¡¡¡¡­¡­