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INTRODUCTION 6 DESIGN 1 Drawings 8 A Drawing types and scales B Types of views used on drawings 2 Design development 10 A Initial design phase B Collaborative development 3 Design solutions 12 A Design objectives B Design calculations MEASUREMENT 4 Horizontal and vertical measurements 14 A Linear dimensions B Level and plumb 5 Locating and setting out 16 A Centrelines and offsets B Grids 6 Dimensions of circles 18 A Key dimensions of circles B Pipe dimensions 7 Dimensional accuracy 20 A Precision and tolerance B Fit 8 Numbers and calculations 22 A Decimals and fractions B Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division 9 Area, size and mass 24 A Area B Weight, mass, volume and density 10 Measurable parameters 26 A Supply, demand and capacity B Input, output and effi ciency MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 11 Material types 28 A Metals and non-metals B Elements, compounds and mixtures C Composite materials 12 Steel 30 A Carbon steels B Alloy steels C Corrosion 13 Non-ferrous metals 32 A Common non-ferrous engineering metals B Plating with non-ferrous metals 14 Polymers 34 A Natural and synthetic polymers B Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics 15 Minerals and ceramics 36 A Mineral and ceramic engineering materials B Glass 16 Concrete 38 A Concrete mix design B Reinforced concrete 17 Wood 40 A Categories of wood B Solid structural timber C Engineered wood 18 Material properties 1 42 A Tensile strength and deformation B Elasticity and plasticity C Stages in elastic and plastic deformation 19 Material properties 2 44 A Hardness B Fatigue, fracture toughness and creep C Basic thermal properties 20 Forming, working and heat-treating metal 46 A Casting, sintering and extruding metal B Working metal C Heat-treating metal 21 Material formats 48 A Raw materials for processing B Formats of processed materials MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY 22 3D component features 50 A 3D forms of edges and joints B 3D forms of holes and fasteners 23 Machining 1 52 A Machining and CNC B Machining with cutting tools 24 Machining 2 54 A Guillotining and punching B High-temperature metal cutting techniques C Laser cutting and UHP waterjets 25 Interconnection 56 A Attaching and supporting B Fitting together 26 Mechanical fasteners 1 58 A Bolts B Preload in bolted joints C Washers 27 Mechanical fasteners 2 60 A Screws B Screw anchors C Rivets 28 Non-mechanical joints 1 62 A Welding B Common gas and arc welding techniques 29 Non-mechanical joints 2 64 A Specialized welding techniques B Brazing and soldering C Adhesives STATIC AND DYNAMIC PRINCIPLES 30 Load, stress and strain 66 A Load B Stress and strain 31 Force, deformation and failure 68 A Types of force and deformation B Types of failure 32 Structural mechanics 70 A Statically determinate structures B Resultant forces and centre of gravity C Frames and trusses 33 Motion and simple machines 72 A Acceleration and motion B Inertia C Simple machines 34 Moving parts 74 A Angular motion B Rotary and reciprocating motion C Engine revs D Friction ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE 35 Energy 76 A Forms of energy B Energy effi ciency C Work and power 36 Heat and temperature 78 A Changes of temperature and state B Heat transfer FLUIDS 37 Fluid containment 80 A Pipes, ducts and hoses B Tanks C Pumps, fans and turbines 38 Fluid pressure 82 A Gauge pressure and absolute pressure B Hydrostatic pressure and siphonic action 39 Fluid dynamics 84 A Fluid dynamics and aerodynamics B Drag C Laminar fl ow and turbulent fl ow D Aerofoils MECHANISMS 40 Engines and motors 86 A Types and functions of engines and motors B Internal combustion engines 41 Transmission 1 88 A Gears B Gear ratios C Types of gear wheel 42 Transmission 2 90 A Chains, sprockets and pulleys B Conversion between reciprocating and rotary motion ELECTRICITY 43 Current, voltage and resistance 92 A Electric current B Voltage and resistance C Electrical power 44 Electrical supply 94 A Direct current and alternating current B AC generation and supply C DC generation and use 45 Circuits and components 96 A Simple circuits B Mains AC circuits and switchboards C Printed and integrated circuits D Electrical and electronic components Appendix I 98 Three-dimensional drawings Appendix II 99 Shapes Appendix III 100 Units of measurement Appendix IV 104 Chemical elements Appendix V 106 Structural elements and types of load Appendix VI 108 Moments Appendix VII 109 Vapour, cooling and thermal inertia Appendix VIII 110 The electromagnetic spectrum Appendix IX 111 Pipe and hose fi ttings and valves Appendix X 112 Siphonic action Appendix XI 113 Managing rotary motion Appendix XII 114 Electrical and electronic components Appendix XIII 118 Sensing, measuring and regulating devices Answer key 119 Index 130 Acknowledgements 143