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Ä¿ ¼ ÉÏ ¾í¡¶Å·ÖÞÈËȨ¹«Ô¼¡·µÚ4ÌõÊÊÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ ½ûÖ¹ÐîÅ«ºÍÇ¿ÆÈÀͶ¯ ¶ÁÕßÐëÖª Ò»°ãÐÔ¹æÔò µÚ4ÌõµÄ½á¹¹ ½âÊ͵ĹæÔò ÈË¿Ú··ÂôµÄÌØÊâÇé¿ö ½ûÖ¹ÐîÅ«ºÍÇ¿ÆÈÀͶ¯ ÃâÓè±»ÐîÅ«»òÅ«ÒÛµÄ×ÔÓÉ ÃâÓèÇ¿ÆÈ»òÇ¿ÖÆÀͶ¯µÄ×ÔÓÉ ·¶Î§ÏÞÖÆ ¹ú¼ÒµÄ»ý¼«ÒåÎñ ½¨Á¢Êʵ±µÄÁ¢·¨ºÍÐÐÕþÌåϵµÄÒåÎñ ²ÉÈ¡±£»¤´ëÊ©µÄÒåÎñ ½øÐе÷²éµÄ³ÌÐòÐÔÒåÎñÔ®Òý°¸ÀýÒ»ÀÀ Chapter ¢ñ Guide on Article 4 of the European Convention onHuman Rights Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour Note to readers ¢ñ.General principles A.Structure of Article 4 B.Principles of interpretation C.Specific context of human trafficking ¢ò.The prohibition of slavery and forced labour A.Freedom from slaveryor servitude B.Freedom from forced or compulsory labour C.Delimitations ¢ó.Positive obligations A.The positive obligation to put in place an appropriate legislative and administrative framework B.The positive obligation to take operational measures C.The proceduralobligation to investigate List of cited cases¡¶Å·ÖÞÈËȨ¹«Ô¼¡·µÚ5ÌõÊÊÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ ÈËÉí×ÔÓɺͰ²È«È¨ ¶ÁÕßÐëÖª ÊÊÓ÷¶Î§ °þ¶áÈËÉí×ÔÓÉ ÊÊÓñê×¼ 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of the detention under Article 5§1 A.Purpose of Article 5 B.Compliance with national law C.Review of compliance with national law D.General principlesE.The principle of legal certainty F.No arbitrariness G.Court order H.Reasoning of decisions and the requirement of nonarbitrariness I.Some acceptable procedural flaws J.Delay in executing order of release ¢ó.Authorised deprivations of liberty under Article5§1 A.Detention after conviction B.Detention for noncompliance with a court order or legal obligation C.Detention on remand D.Detention of a minor E.Detention for medical or social reasons F.Detention of a foreigner ¢ô.Guarantees for persons deprived of libertyA.Information on the reasons for arrest (Article 5§2) B.Right to be brought promptly before a judge (Article 5§3) C.Right to trial within a reasonable time or to be released pending trial (Article 5§3) D.Right to have lawfulness of detention speedily examinedby a court (Article 5§4) E.Right to compensation for unlawful detention (Article 5§5) List of cited cases¡¶Å·ÖÞÈËȨ¹«Ô¼¡·µÚ6ÌõÊÊÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ »ñµÃ¹«ÕýÉóÅеÄȨÀû£¨Ãñʲ¿·Ö£© ¶ÁÕßÐëÖª ÊÊÓ÷¶Î§:“¹«ÃñȨÀûºÍÒåÎñ”µÄ¸ÅÄî ¹«Ô¼µÚ6ÌõµÚ1¿îµÄÒ»°ãÊÊÓÃÌõ¼þ ¶ÔÆäËûÕù¶ËÐÎʽµÄÑÓÉìÊÊÓà ¹«Ô¼µÚ6Ìõ¶Ô·ÇÖ÷ÌåËßËϳÌÐòµÄ¿ÉÊÊÓÃÐÔ ±»ÅųýµÄÕù¶ËÊÂÏî »ñµÃ·¨ÔºÉóÅеÄȨÀû »ñµÃ·¨ÔºÉóÅеÄȨÀû ·ÅÆúȨÀû ·¨ÂÉÔ®Öú ÖƶÈÒªÇó “ÉóÅлú¹¹”µÄ¸ÅÄî ÓÉ·¨ÂÉËùÈ·Á¢ ¶ÀÁ¢ºÍ¹«Õý ³ÌÐòÒªÇó ¹«Æ½ ¹«¿ªÉóѶ ËßËÏÆÚ¼äÔ®Òý°¸ÀýÒ»ÀÀ Chapter ¢ó Guide on Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights Right to A Fair Trial(Civil Limb) Note to readers ¢ñ.Scope:the concept of “civil rights and obligations”A.General requirements for applicability of Article 6§1 B.Extension to other types of dispute C.Applicability of Article 6 to proceedings other than main proceedings D.Excluded matters ¢ò.Right to acourt A.Right and access to a court B.Waiver C.Legal aid ¢ó.Institutionalrequirements A.Concept of a “tribunal” B.Establishment by law C.Independence and impartiality ¢ô.Procedural requirements A.Fairness B.Public hearing C.Length of proceedings List of cited cases¡¶Å·ÖÞÈËȨ¹«Ô¼¡·µÚ6ÌõÊÊÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ »ñµÃ¹«ÕýÉóÅеÄȨÀû£¨ÐÌʲ¿·Ö£© ¶ÁÕßÐëÖª ÊÊÓ÷¶Î§:“ÐÌÊÂÖ¸¿Ø”µÄ¸ÅÄîÒ»¡¢Ò»°ãÔ­Ôò ¶þ¡¢Ò»°ãÔ­ÔòµÄÊÊÓà µÚ¶þ½Ú Ïò·¨ÔºÉêËßµÄȨÀû Ò»¡¢ÏÞÖÆ µÚÈý½Ú Ò»°ã±£ÕÏ£ºÖƶÈÒªÇó Ò»¡¢“ÉóÅлú¹¹”µÄ¸ÅÄî ¶þ¡¢ÒÀ·¨ÉèÁ¢µÄÉóÅлú¹¹ Èý¡¢¶ÀÁ¢ÐԺ͹«ÕýÐÔ µÚËÄ½Ú Ò»°ã±£ÕÏ£º³ÌÐòÒªÇó Ò»¡¢¹«Õý ¶þ¡¢¹«¿ªÉóѶ Èý¡¢ºÏÀíµÄʱ¼ä µÚÎå½Ú ¾ßÌå±£ÕÏ Ò»¡¢µÚ6ÌõµÚ2¿î£ºÎÞ×ïÍƶ¨ ¶þ¡¢µÚ6ÌõµÚ3¿î£º±ç·½µÄȨÀû µÚÁù½Ú µÚ6ÌõµÄÓòÍâЧÁ¦ Ò»¡¢¹«È»Î¥±³¹«Õý ¶þ¡¢“ÕæʵµÄ·çÏÕ”£ºÉó²é±ê×¼ºÍÖ¤Ã÷ÔðÈÎ Ô®Òý°¸ÀýÒ»ÀÀ Chapter ¢ô Guide on Article 6 of the European Convention onHuman Rights Right to A Fair Trial(Criminal Limb) Note to readers ¢ñ.Scope:the notion of “criminal charge” A.General principles B.Application of the general principles ¢ò.Right of access to a court A.Limitations ¢ó.General guarantees: institutional requirementsA.The notion of a “tribunal” B.Tribunal established by law C.Independence and impartiality ¢ô.General guarantees: procedural requirements A.Fairness B.Public hearing C.Reasonable time ¢õ.Specific guarantees A.The presumption of innocence (Article 6§2) B.Therights of the defence (Article 6§3) ¢ö.Extraterritorial effect of Article 6 A.Flagrant denial of justice B.The “real risk”:standard and burden of proof List of cited cases Ï ¾í¡¶Å·ÖÞÈËȨ¹«Ô¼¡·µÚ7ÌõÊÊÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ ·¨ÎÞÃ÷ÎĹ涨²»µÃ´¦·££º×ïÐÌ·¨¶¨Ô­Ôò ¶ÁÕßÐëÖª ÒýÑÔ ·¶Î§ “È϶¨ÓÐ×ĸÅÄî “ÐÌÊ·¸×ĸÅÄî “·¨ÂÉ”µÄ¸ÅÄî “ÐÌ·£”µÄ¸ÅÄî ×ïÐÌ·¨¶¨Ô­Ôò ¿É»ñµÃÐÔ ¿ÉÔ¤¼ûÐÔ ÐÌ·¨µÄ·¨²»Ëݼ°¼ÈÍùÔ­Ôò ×ÜÌ忼Á¿ ³ÖÐø·¸ ÀÛ·¸ ½ÏÇáÐÌ·£µÄËݼ°Ô­Ôò µÚ7ÌõµÚ2¿î£ºÎÄÃ÷¹ú¼ÒËùÈϿɵÄÒ»°ã·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò Å·ÖÞÈËȨ·¨ÔºÔÚÎ¥·´¹«Ô¼µÚ7ÌõµÄ°¸¼þÖÐËùָʾµÄ´ëÊ©Ô®Òý°¸ÀýÒ»ÀÀ Chapter ¢õ Guide on Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights No Punishment Without Law: thePrinciple that Only the Law Can Define A Crime and Prescribe A Penalty Note to readers ¢ñ.Introduction ¢ò.Scope A.The concept of “finding of guilt” B.The concept of “criminal offence” C.The concept of “law” D.The concept of a “penalty” ¢ó.Principle that onlythe law can define a crime and prescribe a penalty A.Accessibility B.Foreseeability ¢ô.Principle of nonretroactivity of criminal law A.General considerations B.Continuing offences C.Recidivism ¢õ.Principe of the retroactivity of the lighter penalty ¢ö.Article7 § 2: the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations ¢÷.Measures indicated by the Court in cases of violation of Article 7 of the Convention List of cited cases ......... .........