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Contents Ŀ¼ Part¢ñ¡¡Basic Principles Chapter 1 Physics of Nuclear Medicine 3 RADIoACTIvITY AND RADIoACTIvE DECAY 3 INTERACTIoNS BETWEEN RADIATIoN AND MATTER 7 SUGGESTED READING 12 Chapter 2 Radiopharmaceuticals 13 ElEMENTS, RADIoNUClIDES, AND RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS 13 PRoDUCTIoN oF RADIoNUClIDES 14 RADIoNUClIDE GENERAToRS 15 TECHNETIUM CHEMISTRY AND RADIoPHARMACEUTICAl PREPARATIoN 16 QUAlITY ASSURANCE oF TECHNETIUM-99M—lABElED RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS 16 SINGlE-PHoToN RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS oTHER THAN TC-99M 17 DUAl PHoToN RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS FoR PoSITRoN EMISSIoN ToMoGRAPHY 18 DISPENSING RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS 18 SUGGESTED READING 19 Chapter 3 Radiation Detection and Instrumentation 20 CHARATERISTICS oF A RADIATIoN DETECToR 20 TYPES oF RADIATIoN DETECToRS 21 ANCIllARY EQUIPMENT 22 NUClEAR MEDICINE IMAGING 23 SUMMARY 27 SUGGESTED READING 28 Chapter 4 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Hybrid Imaging 29 IMAGE RECoNSTRUCTIoN 29 SINGlE-PHoToN EMISSIoN CoMPUTED ToMoGRAPHY 35 PoSITRoN EMISSIoN ToMoGRAPHY 35 HYBRID PoSITRoN EMISSIoN CoMPUTED ToMGRAPHY, SINGlEPHoToN CoMPUTED ToMoGRAPHY WITH CoMPUTED ToMoGRAPHY, AND PoSITRoN EMISSIoN ToMoGRAPHY WITH MAGNETIC RESoNANCE 36 SUGGESTED READING 37 Chapter 5 Molecular Imaging 38 IMAGING TECHNIQUES 38 BIoMARkERS 39 REPoRTER GENE IMAGING AND GENE THERAPY 42 SUGGESTED READING 43 Part ¢ò¡¡Clinical Nuclear Medicine Chapter 6 Central Nervous System 47 CEREBRAl ANAToMY 47 CEREBRAl BlooD FloW AND METABolISM 48 ClINICAl APPlICATIoNS FoR CEREBRAl PERFUSIoN IMAGING 51 MovEMENT DISoRDERS 62 AMYloID IMAGING 63 CISTERNoGRAPHY 64 SUGGESTED READING 68 Chapter 7 Cardiac System 69 MYoCARDIAl PERFUSIoN SCINTIGRAPHY 69 PoSITRoN EMISSIoN ToMoGRAPHY oF THE HEART 97 RADIoNUClIDE vENTRICUloGRAPHY 104 MYoCARDIAl INFARCT AND AMYloIDoSIS IMAGING 111 SUGGESTED READING 111 Chapter 8 Endocrine System 113 THYRoID SCINTIGRAPHY AND UPTAkE STUDIES 113 PARATHYRoID SCINTIGRAPHY 121 SUGGESTED READING 124 Chapter 9 Oncology: Positron Emission Tomography 125 BACkGRoUND 125 IMAGE INTERPRETATIoN 127 ClINICAl USES oF PoSITRoN EMISSIoN ToMoGRAPHY IN oNColoGY 134 SUGGESTED READING 151 Chapter 10 Oncology: Non–Positron Emission Tomography 152 PEPTIDE RECEPToR IMAGING 152 ADRENAl SCINTIGRAPHY 154 MoNoCloNAl ANTIBoDY IMAGING AND THERAPY 156 NoNSPECIFIC BINDING TUMoR AGENTS 160 lYMPHoSCINTIGRAPHY: THE SENTINEl lYMPH NoDE 162 INTRAARTERIAl RADIoACTIvE MICRoSPHERES 164 BoNE PAIN PAllIATIoN 165 SUGGESTED READING 167 Chapter 11 Skeletal Scintigraphy 169 BoNE SCAN 169 ClINICAl APPlICATIoN oF SkElETAl SCINTIGRAPHY 176 BoNE INFARCTIoN AND oSTEoNECRoSIS 191 oSTEoMYElITIS 193 FloURINE-18 SoDIUM FlUoRIDE PoSITRoN EMISSIoN ToMoGRAPHY 196 BoNE MINERAl MEASUREMENT 197 SUGGESTED READING 198 Chapter 12 Pulmonary System 199 PUlMoNARY EMBolISM 199 vENTIlATIoN PERFUSIoN SCINTIGRAPHY 199 RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS 200 IMAGE INTERPRETATIoN 203 vENTIlATIoN-PERFUSIoN INTERPRETATIoN CRITERIA 207 oTHER ADDITIoNAl v/Q INTERPRETATIoN CRITERIA 212 SUGGESTED READING 212 Chapter 13 Infection and Inflammation 213 RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS 213 ClINICAl APPlICATIoNS FoR INFECTIoN SCINTIGRAPHY 218 SUGGESTED READING 226 Chapter 14 Gastrointestinal System 227 ESoPHAGEAl MoTIlITY 227 GASTRoESoPHAGEAl REFlUX DISEASE 230 GASTRIC MoTIlITY SCINTIGRAPHY 231 INTESTINAl TRANSIT SCINTIGRAPHY 237 PRoTEIN-loSING ENTERoPATHY 239 HElICoBACTER PYloRI INFECTIoN 239 GASTRoINTESTINAl BlEEDING 239 HETERoToPIC GASTRIC MUCoSA 245 SUGGESTED READING 248 Chapter 15 Hepatobiliary System 249 CHolESCINTIGRAPHY 249 TECHNETIUM-99M RED BlooD CEll lIvER SCINTIGRAPHY 267 TECHNETIUM-99M SUlFUR ColloID lIvER AND SPlEEN IMAGING 270 SPlEEN SCINTIGRAPHY 272 TECHNETIUM-99M MACRoAGGREGATED AlBUMIN HEPATIC ARTERIAl PERFUSIoN SCINTIGRAPHY 274 SUGGESTED READING 275 Chapter 16 Genitourinary System 277 RENAl ANAToMY AND FUNCTIoN 277 RENAl RADIoPHARMACEUTICAlS 278 DYNAMIC RENAl IMAGING TECHNIQUES 283 MEASURING RENAl FUNCTIoN:EFFECTIvE RENAl PlASMA FloW(ERPF)AND GloMERUlAR FIlTRATIoN RATE (GFR) 292 RENAl CoRTICAl IMAGING 292 SUGGESTED READING 294 Part ¢ó¡¡Radionuclide Therapy Chapter 17 Nuclear Medicine Therapy 297 RADIoIoDINE THEARPY FoR HYPERTHYRoIDISM 297 MANAGEMENT oF HYPERTHYRoIDISM DUE To ToXIC MUlTINoDUlAR GoITER AND ToXIC ADENoMA 300 MANAGEMENT oF GD IN CHIlDREN AND ADolESCENTS 301 CANCER RISk AND RADIATIoN SAFETY REGARDING RADIoIoDINE THEARPY FoR HYPERTHYRoIDISM 301 RADIoIoDINE THERAPY FoR THYRoID CANCER 302 METASTATIC BoNE PAIN THERAPY 309 SUGGESTED READING 311