新概念英语(4)学生(外研社)

What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought,especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced
5 difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modem climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a
single aim, a solitary goal the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places
such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impov-
10 erished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally
dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever
they could—sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncom-
15 fortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

威廉·S·哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。他和加里·古柏、约翰·韦恩不同，他只在西部电影甲捞演角色。在1914年至1924年期间，他首屈一指，独霸影坛。正是他创造了西部电影的基调，即在他自己拍摄的影片中他所塑造的主人公的形象：被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的 ……

To the teacher and student
About this course
How to use this course
致教师和学生
关于本教材的说明
本教材使用说明
lntroducory test leading to part 1
Part 1
unit 1 lnstructions to the student
lesson 1 Findingfossil man发现化石人
lesson 2 Sparethat spider不要伤害蜘蛛
lesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人
lesson 4 Seeing hands能看见东西的手
lesson 5 Youth青年
lesson 6 The sporting spirit体育的精神
lesson 7 Bats蝙蝠
lesson 8 Trading standards贸易标准
Unit 2 lnstructions tO the student
lesson 9 Royal espionage王室谍报活动
lesson 10 Silicon valley硅谷
lesson 11 How to grow old如何安度晚年
lesson 12 Banks and their customers银行和顾客
lesson 13 The search for oil探寻石油
lesson 14 The Butterry Effect蝴蝶效应
lesson 15 Secrecy in industry 工业中的秘密
lesson 16The modern city现代城市
Unit 3 lnstructions to the student
lesson 17 A man-made disease人为的疾病 广
lesson 18 Porpoises海豚
lesson 19 The stuff of dreams话说梦的本质
lesson 20 Snake poison蛇
lesson 21 Williams S.Hartandtheearly‘Westcrn’film威廉·S·哈特和早期的“西部”影片
lesson 22 Knowledge and progress，知识和进步
lesson 23 Bird flight鸟的飞行方法
lesson 24 Beauty 美

何其莘，北京外国语大学副校长，博士生导师，《新概念英语》中方主编。我国著名的英语专家，教育部高校外语专业教学指导委员会副主任兼英语组组长，全国英语文学会会长，中国作家协会会员，中国译协翻译理论与教学委员会副主任。