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Chapter 1 Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer 1.1 Microprocessor-based Personal Computer System 1.1.1 Hardware and Software System 1.1.2 Operational Principle 1.1.3 Performance Indexes 1.2 Number System and Codes 1.2.1 Number System 1.2.2 Conversion between Number Systems 1.2.3 Codes 1.3 Representation of the Numbers in the Computer 1.3.1 Fixed Integers 1.3.2 Original Binary Data, Radix-1 Complement and Radix Complement 1.4 Development of Microcomputers 1.4.1 Hardware Advancement 1.4.2 Programming Advancement 1.4.3 Evolution of Microprocessors 1.4.4 Adopted Advanced Technology 1.5 Questions Chapter 2 The Microprocessors and Architecture 2.1 8086/8088 Microprocessors 2.1.1 Internal Architecture and Operating Modes of 8086/8088 CPU 2.1.2 Pins and the Pin Functions 2.1.3 Internal Registers of Intel Microprocessors 2.1.4 Memory Structure of 8086/8088 2.1.5 Generating Memory Addresses 2.1.6 Bus Timing 2.2 80486 Microprocessor 2.2.1 Internal Structure 2.2.2 Operating Modes 2.2.3 Register and Memory Structure 2.3 Pentium Microprocessor 2.3.1 Internal Structure 2.3.2 Performance Characteristics 2.4 Questions Chapter 3 Instruction Set 3.1 Addressing Modes 3.2 Instruction Formats of 80x86 3.3 Instruction Set 3.3.1 Data Movement Instructions 3.3.2 Arithmetic Instructions 3.3.3 Logic Instructions 3.3.4 Program Control Instructions 3.4 Questions Chapter 4 Assembly Language Programming 4.1 Assembly Language Fundamentals 4.1.1 The Format of Assembly Language 4.1.2 Symbols, Data and Expressions of Assembly Language 4.2 Pseudo Instructions 4.2.1 Define Segments 4.2.2 Simplified Pseudo Instructions of Segment Definition 4.2.3 Data Definition Statement 4.2.4 Symbol Definition Statement 4.2.5 Procedure Definition 4.2.6 Some Other Pseudo-instructions 4.3 DOS Functions and BIOS Functions 4.3.1 DOS Functions 4.3.2 BIOS Functions 4.4 Programming 4.4.1 Introduction of Programming 4.4.2 Sequential Structure Program 4.4.3 Branched Program 4.4.4 Loop Program 4.4.5 Subroutines 4.5 Examples of Programming Design 4.6 Introduction to Microsoft Macro Assembler 4.7 Questions Chapter 5 Memory 5.1 Classification and Performance Indicators of Memory 5.1.1 Classification of Computer Memory 5.1.2 Classification of Semiconductor Memory 5.1.3 Performance Indicators 5.2 ROM 5.2.1 EPROM 5.2.2 EEPROM 5.2.3 Flash 5.2.4 Memory Card 5.3 RAM 5.3.1 SRAM 5.3.2 DRAM 5.3.3 High Speed RAM 5.3.4 Multi-port RAM 5.4 Memory Expansion Design 5.4.1 Basic Structure of the Memory 5.4.2 Memory Expansion Design 5.4.3 Address Decoding 5.4.4 Examples 5.5 Cache 5.5.1 Working Principle 5.5.2 Access Consistency of Cache and Main Memory 5.5.3 Address Mapping of Cache 5.5.4 Replacement Algorithm of Cache 5.6 Virtual Memory 5.7 Questions Chapter 6 Interrupts 6.1 Overview of Interrupts 6.1.1 Classification of Interrupt Sources 6.1.2 Interrupt Source Priority Arbitration 6.1.3 Interrupt Processing 6.2 80x86 Interrupt System 6.2.1 Interrupt System Structure 6.2.2 Interrupt and Response Process in Real Mode 6.2.3 Store or Get an Interrupt Vector in the Vector Table 6.3 Interrupt Controller 8259A 6.3.1 Structure and Pins of 8259A 6.3.2 Programming 8259A 6.3.3 Examples 6.4 Questions Chapter 7 I/O Interface Chip 8255A 7.1 I/O Interface Overview 7.1.1 The Structure of I/O Interface 7.1.2 The Functions of I/O Interface 7.1.3 Address Numbering of I/O Ports 7.1.4 Control Approaches of Data Transmissions 7.2 Parallel Interface Chip 8255A 7.2.1 Structure and Pins of 8255A 7.2.2 Operating Modes of 8255A 7.2.3 Programming 8255A 7.2.4 Application of 8255A 7.3 Questions Chapter 8 Timer/Counter 8254 8.1 Structure and Pins of 8254 8.1.1 Internal Structure 8.1.2 Pins of 8254 8.2 Operating Modes of 8254 8.3 Programming 8254 8.3.1 Control Word 8.3.2 Setting the Initial Count 8.4 Application of 8254 8.5 Questions Chapter 9 Serial Interface Chip 8250 9.1 Serial Communication Introduction 9.1.1 Modes of Serial Communication 9.1.2 Data Format of Serial Communication 9.1.3 RS-232C Serial Interface Standard 9.2 Structure and Pins of 8250 9.2.1 Internal Structure 9.2.2 Pins of 8250 9.3 Internal Registers of 8250 9.3.1 Line Control Register 9.3.2 Programmable Baud Generator 9.3.3 Line Status Register 9.3.4 Modem Control Register 9.3.5 Modem status register 9.3.6 Interrupt Identification Register 9.3.7 Interrupt Enable Register 9.4 Programming 8250 9.5 Application of 8250 9.6 Questions Chapter 10 DMA Controller 8237A 10.1 Internal Structure 10.2 Pins of 8237A 10.3 Operating Modes of 8237A 10.4 Timing Diagram of 8237A 10.5 Internal Registers of 8237A 10.6 Programming 8237A 10.7 Examples 10.8 Application of 8237A 10.9 Questions Chapter 11 A/D and D/A Conversion Interfaces 11.1 A/D and D/A Conversions in Computer Control System 11.2 D/A Conversion and Interface Technology 11.2.1 Principle of D/A Conversion 11.2.2 Typical D/A Converter 11.2.3 Application Examples of D/A Converter 11.3 A/D Conversion and Interface Technology 11.3.1 Principle of A/D Conversion 11.3.2 Typical A/D Converter 11.3.3 Timing Diagram 11.3.4 Application Examples of A/D Converters 11.3.5 Application Issues to Be Noted 11.4 Questions Chapter 12 Bus Interface 12.1 Overview of the Bus 12.1.1 Classification of the Bus 12.1.2 Main Parameters of Buses 12.2 ISA Bus 12.3 The PCIBus 12.3.1 Introduction of PCI 12.3.2 Signals of the PCI 12.3.3 Subtractive Decode of PCI/ISA Bridge 12.3.4 PCI Bus Operations 12.4 The USB 12.4.1 Introduction of USB 12.4.2 Composition and Principle of USB 12.5 The AGP 12.6 Questions References