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Part I Structuralism
Chapter 1 Saussure; Father of Modern Linguistics
1£®1 Ferdinand de Saussure
1£®2 Nature of the linguistic sign
1£®3 The relational nature of language units
1£®4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
1£®5 Langue and parole
1£®6 Synchronic and diachronic studies
1£®7 Sauss ure's influence
Chapter 2 American Structuralism
2£®1 Early period£º Boas and Sapir
2£®1£®1 Franz Boas
2£®1£®2 Edward Sapir
2£®1£®3 I£¬inguistic relativity
2£®1£®4 Linguistic relativity and cognitive linguistics
2£®2 Leonard Bloomfield
2£®2£®1 Bloomfield the man
2£®2£®2 Bloomfield and behaviorism
2£®2£®3 Bloomfield and his Language
2£®2£®4 Structuralism and language teaching
2£®3 Conclusion

Part II Functionalism
Chapter 3 The Prague School
3£®1 Historical background
3£®2 Theories of language
3£®3 Phonology and phonological opposition
3£®4 Distinctive Features
3£®5 Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP)
Chapter 4 The London School
4£®1 Malinowski's theories
4£®2 Firth'stheories
4£®3 Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar
4£®3£®1 Halliday's philosophy of language
4£®3£®2 Systemic grammar
4£®3£®3 Functionalgrammar
4£®3£®4 Halliday and sociolinguistics

Part III Generativism
Chapter 5 Transformational-Generative Grammar
5£®1 Chomsky's philosophy oflanguage
5£®1£®1 Background
5£®1£®2 What is language?
5£®1£®3 Thelnnateness Hypothesis
5£®1£®4 Universal grammar and particular grammar
5£®1£®5 What is a generative grammar?
5£®2 Stages of development of TG Grammar
5£®2£®1 The Classical Theory
5£®2£®2 The Standard Theory
5£®2£®3 The Extended Standard Theory
5£®2£®4 Later Theories
5£®3 A comparison between TG Grammar and structural grammar
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Part IV Cognitivism